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Inflammation

Blood Testing for Cancer-Associated Inflammation

Blood testing for Cancer-Associated Inflammation tracks immune–inflammatory balance that influences tumor behavior and prognosis (neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, platelet–lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index: NLR, PLR, SII, SIRI). Superpower offers in-clinic and at-home testing; home collection is currently available in selected states. See FAQs below for more information.

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What are Cancer-Associated Inflammation biomarkers

Cancer-associated inflammation biomarkers are blood signals that capture how a tumor and the immune system are talking. Cancer often stirs a body-wide inflammatory response that supports tumor growth and spread while straining normal tissues. Measuring these markers gives a real-time readout of that process, beyond what scans alone can show. Many come from the liver as part of the acute-phase response (C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen), driven by immune messengers released by tumors and immune cells (interleukin-6, TNF-alpha, CXCL chemokines). Others reflect shifts in circulating blood cells mobilized by inflammation (neutrophils, lymphocytes; summarized in ratios like NLR). Some are enzymes and mediators tied to tissue remodeling and clotting (ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer). Together, they mirror the intensity and character of tumor-driven inflammation in the bloodstream, indicating how “hot” the cancer–host interaction is. Tracking them over time can reveal changes in disease activity, show whether treatment is damping inflammatory signaling, and help flag complications related to systemic inflammation.

Why is blood testing for Cancer-Associated Inflammation important?

  • Spot cancer-related inflammation burden using NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI ratios.
  • Flag imbalance between neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, and monocytes that tracks tumor activity.
  • Clarify prognosis by linking higher ratios with worse outcomes in many cancers.
  • Guide preoperative risk talks by identifying higher complication and recurrence risk.
  • Support treatment monitoring by tracking inflammatory shifts during chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation.
  • Track trends over time to assess response and detect worsening inflammation early.
  • Avoid using these ratios to diagnose cancer; they are nonspecific inflammation markers.
  • Interpret best with a CBC differential, CRP, imaging, and your cancer details.

What insights will I get?

Cancer-Associated Inflammation blood testing provides insight into how your immune system and blood cells interact in the context of cancer risk and overall system health. Chronic inflammation can disrupt energy production, metabolism, cardiovascular function, and immune surveillance, all of which are critical for maintaining resilience against disease. At Superpower, we assess four key biomarkers—NLR (Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), PLR (Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), SII (Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index), and SIRI (Systemic Inflammation Response Index)—to give a comprehensive view of inflammation linked to cancer biology.

NLR and PLR measure the balance between different types of white blood cells and platelets, reflecting how your body responds to stress and inflammation. SII and SIRI are composite indices that integrate neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts, offering a broader picture of immune system activation and inflammatory status. Elevated values in these markers can signal a shift toward a pro-inflammatory state, which is associated with increased cancer risk and progression.

Stable, healthy levels of NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI suggest that your immune system is balanced and not chronically activated. This balance supports tissue repair, immune defense, and cellular stability, reducing the likelihood of inflammation-driven changes that can contribute to cancer development.

Interpretation of these biomarkers can be influenced by factors such as acute infections, recent surgery, pregnancy, age, certain medications, and laboratory assay differences. These variables should be considered when evaluating results to ensure an accurate understanding of your inflammation status.

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Frequently Asked Questions About

What is Cancer-Associated Inflammation blood testing?

This blood test estimates your body’s inflammatory-immune balance, which can influence how cancers start, progress, or respond to therapy. Superpower tests your blood for NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), PLR (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio), SII (systemic immune-inflammation index), and SIRI (systemic inflammation response index). These indices come from a standard complete blood count and reflect the interplay between innate immunity (neutrophils, platelets, monocytes) and adaptive immunity (lymphocytes). Higher values generally indicate more systemic inflammation or immune suppression, while lower values suggest a more balanced immune tone. They are not diagnostic of cancer on their own, but they add context to overall disease biology and prognosis when combined with clinical findings.

Why should I get Cancer-Associated Inflammation blood testing?

It gives a quick, objective read on systemic inflammation and immune balance using routine blood counts. In oncology, higher NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI are associated with worse outcomes in many cancers, while lower values often track with better control. Outside cancer care, these measures can help flag non-specific inflammation that may merit context. Superpower reports NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI together so you can see how neutrophils, platelets, monocytes, and lymphocytes are interacting. The value is in trend and context, not a single number.

Can I get a blood test at home?

Yes. With Superpower, our team member can organise a blood draw in your home.

How often should I test?

There is no universal schedule. These indices are commonly checked whenever routine labs are drawn. During active cancer care or surveillance, they are often reviewed at the same cadence as clinic visits, typically every 4–12 weeks. If you are establishing a baseline, one test when you are well is useful, with repeats to track trend. When you are acutely ill, results can be temporarily distorted, so avoid overinterpreting a single spike. Superpower can align testing with your existing lab timetable.

What can affect biomarker levels?

Many non-cancer factors shift these indices. Acute infections, recent surgery, trauma, or vaccinations can raise neutrophils and platelets. Corticosteroids, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation change white cell subsets. Iron deficiency or bleeding increases platelets. Smoking, obesity, chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disease, stress, strenuous exercise, dehydration, and pregnancy alter counts. Splenectomy and some hematologic conditions also affect baselines. Because NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI are ratios built from routine counts, any condition that moves neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, or platelets can move the indices—often transiently.

Are there any preparations needed before the blood test for NLR, PLR, SII, SIRI?

No special fasting is required. Aim to be well hydrated, avoid unusually strenuous exercise for 24 hours, and try to test when you are not acutely ill. Take medicines as prescribed, but let us know about steroids or other drugs that affect blood counts. If possible, keep the time of day consistent between tests, since white cell counts follow mild circadian patterns. Superpower calculates NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI from the same tube as your complete blood count, so no extra blood is usually needed.

Can lifestyle changes affect my biomarker levels?

Yes. Systemic inflammation tracks with overall metabolic and immune stress. Changes in weight, smoking exposure, physical activity, sleep, alcohol use, and chronic stress can shift neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets, and therefore NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI. Improvements tend to lower inflammatory tone over time, while ongoing stressors can raise it. These shifts are usually gradual and are best judged by repeated measurements rather than a single test.

How do I interpret my results?

Think in physiology, not absolutes. Higher NLR, PLR, SII, or SIRI generally means more neutrophil/platelet/monocyte activity relative to lymphocytes—systemic inflammation with relative immune suppression. Lower values suggest a more balanced immune profile. Reference intervals vary by lab and population, and acute illness can transiently distort results. Trends over time matter more than one data point, especially when measured on days you feel well. These indices are not diagnostic of cancer; they are context markers that gain meaning alongside your diagnosis, imaging, pathology, and other labs. Superpower reports all four so you can compare patterns consistently.

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